The study's lead author, Jonathan Gilligan, associate professor of earth and environmental sciences. Photo credit: John Russell/Vanderbilt University.
Nashville, TN, JUNE 20, 2018 -- Urban water conservation policies are reflecting the nation's political polarization, with a new report demonstrating that a city's water ordinances can be as much related to whether it leans left or right as to whether the climate is wet or dry.
Vanderbilt University environmental researchers found Los Angeles ranks No. 1 for number and strength of policies, followed by six other left-leaning California cities along with Austin, Texas. It takes until San Antonio, Texas, at No. 8 to find a right-leaning city with strong water conservation policies -- probably because the amount of water it can withdraw from the Edwards Aquifer is strictly limited, said the study's lead author, Jonathan Gilligan, associate professor of earth and environmental sciences.
"We were surprised by this finding. We had expected that water conservation would be a more neutral issue and less polarizing," said Gilligan, who is also an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering. "As populations continues to grow and demands on water supplies increase, this information will be important for planning."
For instance, less prosperous or more conservative cities may consider rebates to entice homeowners to install low-flow toilets and shower heads instead of requiring them, the team found.
"There's plenty of water if we don't waste it, and building aqueducts, pumps, desalination systems--all of those are huge, expensive, energy-intensive things," Gilligan said. "Water conservation is one of the best ways to make use of limited water supplies."
Their results were published online this month in the journal Earth's Future and will appear in a future print edition.
The team examined city water policies over the course of four years to create a database of water conservation policies. They also developed an associated index of the number of different categories of policies each city adopted and gathered data on the climate, water sources, population, economy and political leanings of each city and its surrounding metropolitan statistical area--as reflected in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections.
They created an interactive map where users can check to see where their own cities rank. They also compiled a list of cities whose conservation policies were much stronger or weaker than anticipated based on a statistical analysis of their politics, climate and economy.
Other authors on the study were graduate students Christopher A. Wold, Scott C. Worland and John J. Nay, all of whom were affiliated with the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment during the research; David J. Hess, professor of sociology and James Thornton Fant Professor of Sustainability Studies; and George M. Hornberger, University Distinguished Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth and Environmental Sciences, Craig E. Philip Professor of Engineering and director of the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment.
