The Bureau of Reclamation has released the American River Basin Study, which predicts that the American River Basin in central California will see increasing temperatures and a declining snowpack through the rest of the century.
The study also found an increased variability of fall and winter precipitation, which will amplify the severity of droughts and flooding in the basin. The full report is available on Reclamation's Basin Study website.
"Water management in the basin is expected to be more challenging in the future due to climate pressures that include warming temperatures, shrinking snowpack, shorter and more intense wet seasons, and rising sea levels," said California-Great Basin Regional Director Ernest Conant. "We are excited for the partnerships and collaboration within the basin and look forward to working with them on the identified adaptation portfolios to address the vulnerabilities and maintain a balance between supply and demand in the basin."
The American River Basin Study found that maximum temperatures are projected to increase throughout any given year, with the most significant increase of 7.3°F during the summer months by the end of the 21st century.
While the projections of average annual precipitation are mostly uncertain, climate projections indicate a change in precipitation timing and variability. Precipitation is projected to be increasingly variable into the future with the timing of the moisture shifting with fall and spring precipitation declining and winter and summer precipitation increasing. In addition, the snowpack will decrease due to warming, moving the peak runoff by more than a month by the mid to late century.
Adaptation strategies are already underway in the basin to increase agricultural and urban water use efficiency, water transfers, and exchanges within the basin, and improving headwaters and forest health. New adaptation strategy portfolios were also developed for further evaluation by Reclamation and the collaborators to maintain a balance between supply and demand. For example, one adaptation portfolio highlights the importance of long-term Central Valley Project contracts for regional reliability. Other adaptation portfolios included evaluating:
- The use of high elevation, off-stream storage to replace lost storage from reduced snowpack and earlier snowmelt.
- The use of existing diversion facilities on the Sacramento River and exchange water supply to reduce reliance on Folsom Reservoir and the American River.
- The raise of Folsom Dam other upstream flood control space through facility modifications to increase flood control space.
- Releasing flood water earlier to recharge groundwater creates additional regional water supply and ecosystem benefits.
- The effectiveness of the flow management standard for the Lower American River in the 2015 update of the Sacramento Water Forum Agreement to reduce the effects on the river's ecosystem and fisheries from climate change.
The basin study was selected in 2017 and built upon the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers Basin Study completed in 2016. The American River Basin and the area covered by this study consists of 3,600 square miles in central California from the valley through the foothills to the top of the Sierra Nevada. It includes the City of Sacramento and the surrounding area, including Auburn, Citrus Heights, Elk Grove, Folsom, Placerville, Rancho Cordova, Roseville and Shingle Springs.
